Aleksandr Tvardovskiy

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky is a Soviet writer who was destined to create the immortal image of the soldier Vasily Tyorkin. In his creative life, there were many events that made the poet both a triumphant and a vanquished.

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Tvardovsky's actions as editor of the Novy Mir magazine displeased the officials of the USSR Main Directorate for Literature and Publishing. He went against ideology. Now they are called oppositionists, and Alexander Trifonovich, according to critics:

The writer was born on June 21, 1910 on the Zagorye farm, in the Pochinkovsky district of the Smolensk region. According to his father's papers, the area was then called the farm of the Stolpovo heath. The head of the family, Trifon Gordeevich, acquired this land through a bank in installments. He was a wonderful blacksmith, but he wanted to devote himself to agriculture. The poet's mother, Maria Mitrofanovna, was busy with the peasant yard and was busy around the house.

According to the recollections of Alexander Trifonovich, the family lived hard, although there were gaps with prosperity. A special atmosphere reigned in the family, which influenced the creative perception of the life of little Sasha. The mother could be moved to tears by the songs that the workers sang in the field, or by the sight of a lonely tree. She was deeply imbued with the views of nature and could not breathe in the smells of freshly cut grass and wet earth after the rain.

Father in the evenings read books to children. In his autobiography, Tvardovsky writes that in this way he got acquainted with the work of Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov, Nikolai Gogol and Alexei Tolstoy. Trifon Gordeevich sang very well and knew many poems by heart. The young Tvardovsky composed the first verse when he still could not write. He said that there was “no harmony, no row” in it.

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Parents treated their son's writing differently. Mother felt sorry and worried, as if she felt the sad destiny of fate. And my father was proud, but he knew from books that writing does not bring a lot of money. Some of the creators remain unknown and poor.

At the age of 13, Alexander shows poems to the teacher. He begins to criticize him: you cannot write in such a way that everything is immediately clear. According to him, in modern literature everything needs to be florid and incomprehensible. And as proof of his words, he gave the boy to read poetry of the early 1920s. The young poet had doubts about his abilities.

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In 1924, he began to write articles for Smolensk newspapers on topical topics - faulty bridges, abuses of officials. On the farm, residents respected him and often turned to Komsomol member Tvardovsky with complaints to write about someone in order to punish him.

During this period, Alexander again returned to writing poems. The newspaper "Smolenskaya Derevnya" publishes the verse "New hut". He went to Smolensk, to the editorial office of the Rabochy Put newspaper, where he met Mikhail Isakovsky.

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With his light hand, two poems with a portrait of the village correspondent-poet are published on the third page of the newspaper. After leaving school, the 18-year-old Tvardovsky leaves for Smolensk. I couldn't find a job, I was starving, I interrupted myself as best I could. But for myself, I definitely decided - there can be no question of returning to the village.

After the publication of his poems in the October magazine, Alexander Trifonovich leaves for Moscow, where he faces exactly the same problem - lack of money and unemployment. Therefore, he decides to return to Smolensk. Here he entered the Pedagogical Institute, where he studied for 2 years, and in 1936 continued his studies at the Moscow Historical and Philosophical Institute.

In the 30s, the poet created the poems "The Way to Socialism" and "The Land of Ant", in which he describes collectivization as the beginning of a future bright life. It is interesting that, supporting Stalin's regime, Alexander, along with his brother and parents, drank in full grief - in 1931 they had to endure dispossession and exile. The farm, to which the poet's father gave a lot of time and energy, was destroyed by fellow villagers.

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In 1939, Alexander worked for the newspaper "On the Guard of the Motherland". During this period, he began to compose the poem "Vasily Tyorkin". It is a series of episodes about the war, which are connected only by the main character. Tvardovsky believed that he himself or one of the readers could die at any moment, so he chose this form of work.

The Crossing is one of the first fragments of the poem. The poet witnessed the bloody battles on the Karelian Isthmus during the Soviet-Finnish war. The poems are published in the newspaper of the Western Front "Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda". They have become an integral part of the life of front-line soldiers. Thanks to Terkin, Tvardovsky becomes a cult wartime writer. The lines from the poem are scattered into quotes:

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In 1942, Tvardovsky heard the story of a soldier who took part in a heavy tank battle. The poem "The Tale of a Tankman" appears about a boy, an unnamed hero of the war years, who helped the crew get into the enemy's territory.

In 1946, Alexander Trifonovich wrote the poem "House by the Road" about the first terrible months of the Great Patriotic War. The poems "Two lines", "I was killed near Rzhev" are also devoted to senseless military horrors. Then, in 1953, the poem "Beyond the Distance - Distance" appeared. In it, the poet gives a personal assessment of the cult of Stalin, reflects on life and death.

In 1950, Tvardovsky was appointed to the post of editor-in-chief of the Novy Mir magazine. But after 4 years, officials removed him for an attempt to print the poem "Tyorkin in the Next World" and the works of authors objectionable to the authorities.

The second time he took the position of editor of the publication in 1958, where he worked until 1970. Historians have estimated that period - a glorious time in the history of the "New World". Under the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Nikita Khrushchev, the magazine became a symbol of the thaw. It was the organ of the legal opposition to the Soviet regime. With Khrushchev's approval, Alexander Trifonovich publishes "One Day in Ivan Denisovich" by Alexander Solzhenitsyn.

After Khrushchev was removed from office, the entire power of Glavlit fell upon the magazine. First, the deputy chief editors are fired. They are being replaced by people who interfere with Alexander Trifonovich's work. An intolerable hostile atmosphere is created. In February 1970, Tvardovsky and part of the editorial board left the magazine.

Maria Illarionovna Gorelova became his love of all his life. They are the same age, they met in Smolensk. The girl also studied at the pedagogical institute, which she did not graduate from. Like Tvardovsky, she worked in the editorial office of Rabochy Put, published in the magazines Krasnaya Nov 'and Novy Mir under her maiden name.

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After the death of the writer, the critic from the magazine "New World" Vladimir Lakshin called the wife of Alexander Trifonovich "the second wing" of the poet's conscience for "rich talent." There is little information about the writer's personal life, but there are letters to Maria Illarionovna from the war, which are permeated with a tender feeling of love:

Alexander and Maria signed after the war. The couple had two children: daughters Valentina and Olga.

Tvardovsky was worried about leaving Novy Mir. The nervous state affected my health. Alexander Trifonovich suffers a stroke, after which he does not move or speak. The poet was hospitalized, doctors discovered he had advanced lung cancer, which became the cause of the death of the author Vasily Tyorkin.

He died on December 18, 1971. Buried at the Moscow Novodevichy cemetery. They brought land to his grave from the Smolensk region, where he spent his childhood and youth.

There are many interesting facts in Tvardovsky's biography. His patron Khrushchev never read a poem about Vasily Tyorkin. Despite the difficult relationship with the Soviet regime, Tvardovsky was listed as a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee for 5 years. After his death, streets in cities, a school in Moscow and an Aeroflot plane were named after the poet.

After himself, he left his descendants a literary heritage. The photographs with Tvardovsky's participation reflect the mood and atmosphere of the bygone era of the Soviet Union.

It is good for him who is a good person! There are no heroes from birth, - They are born in battles. Mow, scythe, while the dew, Dew away - and we are home.

1931 - "The Way to Socialism" 1932 - "The Chairman's Diary" 1934 - "The Land of Ant" 1942 - "Vasily Tyorkin" 1946 - "House on the Road" 1947 - "Poems" 1947 - "Homeland and Foreign Land" 1951 - "Poems and Poems "1953 -" Beyond the Distance - Far "1963 -" Turkin in the Next World "1969 -" From the lyrics of these years. 1959 - 1968 "

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It is an overall forecast for the net worth of Aleksandr Tvardovskiy. The evaluation covers the latest 5 years and an approximation for next year. See above to learn how much money does Aleksandr Tvardovskiy makes a year.

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